Document History

Original Publish Date: 19 August, 2021

Updated on: 09:08 AM – 26 August, 2021

India

Observations

Observations
Stage N note
Total colleges 57009 From the pdf
with lat & long 54683 Ones with proper address
built in and after 1989 40854 filtered to match with available dynasty data
After removing Andhra & Telengana 37908 Andhra/telengana separation causing fuss
After merging with dynasty data 36026 5% no match
After removing universities

Summary

No Variable Stats / Values Freqs (% of Valid) Graph Missing
1 country
[character]		 1. India 101377 (100.0%) 0
(0.0%)
2 state
[character]		 1. uttar pradesh
2. maharashtra
3. karnataka
4. rajasthan
5. tamil nadu
6. madhya pradesh
7. gujarat
8. west bengal
9. haryana
10. kerala
[ 24 others ]		 24084 (23.8%)
13028 (12.9%)
11559 (11.4%)
7720 ( 7.6%)
7265 ( 7.2%)
6047 ( 6.0%)
4189 ( 4.1%)
4001 ( 3.9%)
3810 ( 3.8%)
3664 ( 3.6%)
16010 (15.8%)		 0
(0.0%)
3 district
[character]		 1. Bengaluru Urban
2. Pune
3. Prayagraj
4. Jaipur
5. Lucknow
6. Meerut
7. Nagpur
8. Sikar
9. Ghaziabad
10. Kalaburagi
[ 663 others ]		 2957 ( 2.9%)
1503 ( 1.5%)
1268 ( 1.3%)
1264 ( 1.2%)
1129 ( 1.1%)
1069 ( 1.1%)
1050 ( 1.0%)
831 ( 0.8%)
734 ( 0.7%)
727 ( 0.7%)
88845 (87.6%)		 0
(0.0%)
4 univ_type
[character]		 1. (Empty string)
2. Central University
3. Deemed University-Governm
4. Deemed University-Private
5. Institute of National Imp
6. State Private University
7. State Public University		 20192 (19.9%)
1094 ( 1.1%)
12 ( 0.0%)
176 ( 0.2%)
48 ( 0.0%)
331 ( 0.3%)
79524 (78.4%)		 0
(0.0%)
5 univ_name
[character]		 1. (Empty string)
2. Chatrapati Sahuji Maharaj
3. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Univer
4. Choudhary Charan Singh Un
5. Dr.A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TEC
6. Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Aw
7. ALLAHABAD STATE UNIVERSIT
8. Rajiv Gandhi University o
9. Makhanlal Chaturvedi Nati
10. Savitribai Phule Pune Uni
[ 290 others ]		 20192 (19.9%)
2826 ( 2.8%)
2407 ( 2.4%)
2310 ( 2.3%)
2113 ( 2.1%)
2014 ( 2.0%)
1830 ( 1.8%)
1698 ( 1.7%)
1662 ( 1.6%)
1517 ( 1.5%)
62808 (62.0%)		 0
(0.0%)
6 inst_name
[character]		 1. SOUTH KASHMIR TEACHERS TR
2. Alamganj Rangamati Colleg
3. Dharamsala College (Id: C
4. Dhubri P.G.T.T. College (
5. DIET DHUBRI (Id: S-5698)
6. Dolgoma Anchalik College
7. Halakura College (Id: C-1
8. JAN BAZ WALI COLLEGE OF E
9. JEHLUM EDUCATION TRUST, B
10. Progati College (Id: C-17
[ 34999 others ]		 9 ( 0.0%)
7 ( 0.0%)
7 ( 0.0%)
7 ( 0.0%)
7 ( 0.0%)
7 ( 0.0%)
7 ( 0.0%)
7 ( 0.0%)
7 ( 0.0%)
7 ( 0.0%)
101305 (99.9%)		 0
(0.0%)
7 inst_type
[character]		 1. Affiliated College
2. Constituent / University
3. PG Center / Off-Campus Ce
4. Recognized Center
5. stand_alone		 78190 (77.1%)
795 ( 0.8%)
67 ( 0.1%)
2133 ( 2.1%)
20192 (19.9%)		 0
(0.0%)
8 address
[character]		 1. Behind Circuit House, Jai
2. 0, 0, 0
3. VILL-PARVATPUR CHANDRIKA
4. GAURA MOHANLALGANJ, RAEBA
5. At: Gauridad, Rajkot-Morb
6. VIDYA KNOWLEDGE PARK, BAG
7. MANDAWA ROAD, GANPATI NAG
8. 09 Mile Stone, Roorkee -
9. NH 58 Jatoli Meerut, Meer
10. Plot No- 643,644, Behind
[ 34260 others ]		 30 ( 0.0%)
21 ( 0.0%)
18 ( 0.0%)
17 ( 0.0%)
16 ( 0.0%)
16 ( 0.0%)
15 ( 0.0%)
14 ( 0.0%)
14 ( 0.0%)
14 ( 0.0%)
101202 (99.8%)		 0
(0.0%)
9 website
[character]		 1. (Empty string)
2. www.gfgc.kar.nic.in
3. 0
4. -
5. www.sinhgad.edu
6. www.hte.rajasthan.gov.in
7. www.highereduhry.com
8. dce.rajasthan.gov.in
9. www.dce.rajasthan.gov.in
10. NIL
[ 24397 others ]		 20512 (20.2%)
106 ( 0.1%)
81 ( 0.1%)
75 ( 0.1%)
68 ( 0.1%)
53 ( 0.1%)
52 ( 0.1%)
41 ( 0.0%)
40 ( 0.0%)
39 ( 0.0%)
80310 (79.2%)		 0
(0.0%)
10 management
[character]		 1. Central Government
2. Local Body
3. Private Aided
4. Private Un-Aided
5. State Government		 391 ( 0.4%)
4953 ( 4.9%)
7450 ( 7.3%)
78368 (77.3%)
10215 (10.1%)		 0
(0.0%)
11 year_estd
[integer]		 Mean (sd) : 2007.8 (6.9)
min < med < max:
1989 < 2008 < 2020
IQR (CV) : 9 (0)		 32 distinct values 0
(0.0%)
12 specialisation
[character]		 1. No
2. Nursing
3. Education/Teacher Educati
4. Technical/Polytechnic
5. Teacher Training
6. Engineering & Technology
7. Arts
8. Pharmacy
9. Management
10. Law
[ 331 others ]		 52894 (52.2%)
8757 ( 8.6%)
7088 ( 7.0%)
7082 ( 7.0%)
6129 ( 6.0%)
3070 ( 3.0%)
2013 ( 2.0%)
1664 ( 1.6%)
1650 ( 1.6%)
1265 ( 1.2%)
9765 ( 9.6%)		 0
(0.0%)
13 location
[character]		 1. Rural
2. Urban		 64775 (63.9%)
36602 (36.1%)		 0
(0.0%)
14 year_upload
[character]		 1. 2010
2. 2011
3. 2012
4. 2013
5. 2014
6. 2015
7. 2016
8. 2017
9. 2018
10. 2019		 294 ( 0.3%)
73 ( 0.1%)
228 ( 0.2%)
103 ( 0.1%)
748 ( 0.7%)
1688 ( 1.7%)
2070 ( 2.0%)
1676 ( 1.7%)
4295 ( 4.2%)
90202 (89.0%)		 0
(0.0%)
15 lat
[numeric]		 Mean (sd) : 22.1 (6.2)
min < med < max:
8.1 < 23.3 < 34.5
IQR (CV) : 9.1 (0.3)		 25798 distinct values 0
(0.0%)
16 long
[numeric]		 Mean (sd) : 78.5 (4.1)
min < med < max:
69 < 77.6 < 96.2
IQR (CV) : 4.4 (0.1)		 25690 distinct values 0
(0.0%)
17 delim
[character]		 1. post_delim
2. pre_delim		 50223 (49.5%)
51154 (50.5%)		 0
(0.0%)
18 st_code
[character]		 1. 9
2. S24
3. S13
4. S10
5. 27
6. S22
7. S20
8. 29
9. 8
10. S12
[ 54 others ]		 14827 (14.6%)
9212 ( 9.1%)
7818 ( 7.7%)
7694 ( 7.6%)
5190 ( 5.1%)
4167 ( 4.1%)
4107 ( 4.1%)
3884 ( 3.8%)
3617 ( 3.6%)
3156 ( 3.1%)
37705 (37.2%)		 0
(0.0%)
19 st_name
[character]		 1. UTTAR PRADESH
2. MAHARASHTRA
3. KARNATAKA
4. RAJASTHAN
5. TAMIL NADU
6. MADHYA PRADESH
7. GUJARAT
8. WEST BENGAL
9. HARYANA
10. KERALA
[ 27 others ]		 24039 (23.7%)
13008 (12.8%)
11578 (11.4%)
7724 ( 7.6%)
7265 ( 7.2%)
6027 ( 5.9%)
4221 ( 4.2%)
3972 ( 3.9%)
3781 ( 3.7%)
3644 ( 3.6%)
16118 (15.9%)		 0
(0.0%)
20 pc_no
[integer]		 Mean (sd) : 21 (18.7)
min < med < max:
1 < 15 < 80
IQR (CV) : 22 (0.9)		 80 distinct values 0
(0.0%)
21 pc_name
[character]		 1. Kanakapura
2. Bangalore North
3. Nagpur
4. Bangalore South
5. MALKAJGIRI
6. Jaipur
7. Mahendragarh
8. MOHANLALGANJ (SC)
9. Hoshangabad
10. Sikar
[ 978 others ]		 966 ( 1.0%)
681 ( 0.7%)
655 ( 0.6%)
642 ( 0.6%)
609 ( 0.6%)
521 ( 0.5%)
513 ( 0.5%)
504 ( 0.5%)
498 ( 0.5%)
491 ( 0.5%)
95297 (94.0%)		 0
(0.0%)
22 year_el
[factor]		 1. 1989
2. 1991
3. 1996
4. 1998
5. 1999
6. 2004
7. 2009
8. 2014
9. 2019		 1618 ( 1.6%)
5858 ( 5.8%)
2798 ( 2.8%)
1316 ( 1.3%)
10429 (10.3%)
29135 (28.7%)
27492 (27.1%)
20475 (20.2%)
2256 ( 2.2%)		 0
(0.0%)
23 position
[integer]		 Mean (sd) : 2.1 (1)
min < med < max:
1 < 2 < 9
IQR (CV) : 2 (0.5)		 1 : 35009 (34.5%)
2 : 35005 (34.5%)
3 : 22538 (22.2%)
4 : 7550 ( 7.4%)
5 : 1217 ( 1.2%)
6 : 45 ( 0.0%)
7 : 11 ( 0.0%)
8 : 1 ( 0.0%)
9 : 1 ( 0.0%)		 0
(0.0%)
24 caste_rec
[character]		 1. (Empty string)
2. UC
3. OBC
4. SC
5. IC
6. MUSLIM
7. ST
8. GEN
9. IC SIKH
10. UC MUSLIM
[ 15 others ]		 56540 (55.8%)
13220 (13.0%)
9654 ( 9.5%)
7418 ( 7.3%)
6213 ( 6.1%)
2661 ( 2.6%)
2604 ( 2.6%)
825 ( 0.8%)
733 ( 0.7%)
503 ( 0.5%)
1006 ( 1.0%)		 0
(0.0%)
25 dyn
[character]		 1. (Empty string)
2. 0
3. 1
4. Recheck		 23055 (22.7%)
56101 (55.3%)
22120 (21.8%)
101 ( 0.1%)		 0
(0.0%)
26 source
[character]		 1. TALHA
2. (Empty string)
3. Patrick French
4. Not Known
5. Rakesh
6. Sriniwas
7. Somnath
8. Lakshmikant
9. Rama
10. Walru
[ 35 others ]		 28200 (27.8%)
23173 (22.9%)
11932 (11.8%)
5783 ( 5.7%)
4534 ( 4.5%)
3306 ( 3.3%)
2952 ( 2.9%)
2873 ( 2.8%)
2845 ( 2.8%)
1939 ( 1.9%)
13840 (13.7%)		 0
(0.0%)
27 background
[character]		 1. No significant political
2. (Empty string)
3. No significant family bac
4. Family - Son
5. Business
6. Family
7. Student politics
8. RSS
9. Family - Multiple connect
10. Family-Son
[ 1050 others ]		 30669 (30.3%)
23031 (22.7%)
6768 ( 6.7%)
2128 ( 2.1%)
1980 ( 2.0%)
1534 ( 1.5%)
1438 ( 1.4%)
1218 ( 1.2%)
1204 ( 1.2%)
729 ( 0.7%)
30678 (30.3%)		 0
(0.0%)
28 notes
[character]		 1. (Empty string)
2. Hindutva Movment
3. Buisness
4. A law graduate, Kumar mad
5. Born to a farmer in 1933,
6. 3rd term MP, began as a c
7. Started out as a function
8. He is a social worker who
9. Trible Network
10. He participated in the G
[ 1465 others ]		 62254 (61.4%)
613 ( 0.6%)
389 ( 0.4%)
277 ( 0.3%)
244 ( 0.2%)
221 ( 0.2%)
208 ( 0.2%)
199 ( 0.2%)
189 ( 0.2%)
187 ( 0.2%)
36596 (36.1%)		 0
(0.0%)
29 election_type
[character]		 1. GE 101377 (100.0%) 0
(0.0%)
30 assembly_no
[integer]		 Mean (sd) : 14.2 (1.7)
min < med < max:
9 < 14 < 17
IQR (CV) : 1 (0.1)		 9 : 1618 ( 1.6%)
10 : 5858 ( 5.8%)
11 : 2798 ( 2.8%)
12 : 1316 ( 1.3%)
13 : 10429 (10.3%)
14 : 29135 (28.7%)
15 : 27492 (27.1%)
16 : 20475 (20.2%)
17 : 2256 ( 2.2%)		 0
(0.0%)
31 month
[integer]		 Mean (sd) : 4.7 (1.7)
min < med < max:
3 < 4 < 11
IQR (CV) : 0 (0.4)		 3 : 1316 ( 1.3%)
4 : 82156 (81.0%)
5 : 5858 ( 5.8%)
9 : 10429 (10.3%)
11 : 1618 ( 1.6%)		 0
(0.0%)
32 poll_no
[integer]		 1 distinct value 0 : 101377 (100.0%) 0
(0.0%)
33 delimid
[integer]		 Min : 3
Mean : 3.5
Max : 4		 3 : 51154 (50.5%)
4 : 50223 (49.5%)		 0
(0.0%)
34 candidate
[character]		 1. GIRDHARI LAL BHARGAVA
2. ANANTH KUMAR
3. RAMACHANDRA GOWDA
4. PRATAP SINGH KHACHARIAWAS
5. MALLIKARJUN KHARGE
6. MALOOK NAGAR
7. DEVEGOWDA H D
8. TEJASHWINI SEE RAMESH
9. SANTOSH AHLAWAT
10. PRASANNA KUMAR PATASANI
[ 8124 others ]		 204 ( 0.2%)
194 ( 0.2%)
187 ( 0.2%)
182 ( 0.2%)
171 ( 0.2%)
170 ( 0.2%)
155 ( 0.2%)
155 ( 0.2%)
153 ( 0.2%)
150 ( 0.1%)
99656 (98.3%)		 0
(0.0%)
35 sex
[character]		 1. F
2. M		 8976 ( 8.9%)
92401 (91.1%)		 0
(0.0%)
36 party
[character]		 1. INC
2. BJP
3. BSP
4. SP
5. CPM
6. JD(S)
7. NCP
8. IND
9. SHS
10. ADMK
[ 195 others ]		 27562 (27.2%)
26570 (26.2%)
9650 ( 9.5%)
5958 ( 5.9%)
2628 ( 2.6%)
2511 ( 2.5%)
2090 ( 2.1%)
2072 ( 2.0%)
2045 ( 2.0%)
1743 ( 1.7%)
18548 (18.3%)		 0
(0.0%)
37 votes
[integer]		 Mean (sd) : 261143.4 (150061.3)
min < med < max:
3422 < 250272 < 1068569
IQR (CV) : 213144 (0.6)		 9516 distinct values 0
(0.0%)
38 candidate_type
[character]		 1. (Empty string)
2. GEN
3. SC
4. ST		 14665 (14.5%)
68879 (67.9%)
13430 (13.2%)
4403 ( 4.3%)		 0
(0.0%)
39 valid_votes
[integer]		 Mean (sd) : 804689.9 (224584.5)
min < med < max:
36538 < 769018 < 1629108
IQR (CV) : 279842 (0.3)		 3266 distinct values 0
(0.0%)
40 electors
[integer]		 Mean (sd) : 1403927 (337038.1)
min < med < max:
56719 < 1376267 < 3368399
IQR (CV) : 393182 (0.2)		 3267 distinct values 0
(0.0%)
41 constituency_name
[character]		 1. BANGALORE NORTH
2. KANAKAPURA
3. SIKAR
4. BANGALORE SOUTH
5. JAIPUR
6. NAGPUR
7. MEERUT
8. GWALIOR
9. GULBARGA
10. AGRA
[ 658 others ]		 1015 ( 1.0%)
963 ( 0.9%)
855 ( 0.8%)
836 ( 0.8%)
832 ( 0.8%)
830 ( 0.8%)
729 ( 0.7%)
718 ( 0.7%)
699 ( 0.7%)
686 ( 0.7%)
93214 (91.9%)		 0
(0.0%)
42 constituency_type
[character]		 1. GEN
2. SC
3. ST		 82680 (81.6%)
14335 (14.1%)
4362 ( 4.3%)		 0
(0.0%)
43 sub_region
[character]		 1. (Empty string)
2. AVADH
3. BUNDELKHAND
4. DOAB
5. EAST
6. NORTH-EAST
7. RUHELKHAND
8. TELENGANA
9. WEST		 83908 (82.8%)
2850 ( 2.8%)
833 ( 0.8%)
3267 ( 3.2%)
2987 ( 2.9%)
1346 ( 1.3%)
1661 ( 1.6%)
2620 ( 2.6%)
1905 ( 1.9%)		 0
(0.0%)
44 n_cand
[integer]		 Mean (sd) : 14.4 (10.6)
min < med < max:
2 < 13 < 456
IQR (CV) : 8 (0.7)		 67 distinct values 0
(0.0%)
45 turnout_percentage
[numeric]		 Mean (sd) : 57.8 (11.5)
min < med < max:
8.9 < 57 < 91.7
IQR (CV) : 17 (0.2)		 2302 distinct values 0
(0.0%)
46 vote_share_percentage
[numeric]		 Mean (sd) : 32.3 (15.5)
min < med < max:
5 < 34.4 < 90.1
IQR (CV) : 24.8 (0.5)		 4564 distinct values 0
(0.0%)
47 deposit_lost
[character]		 1. no
2. yes		 79687 (78.6%)
21690 (21.4%)		 0
(0.0%)
48 margin
[integer]		 Mean (sd) : 124984.8 (109567.1)
min < med < max:
0 < 88896 < 665350
IQR (CV) : 144013 (0.9)		 9381 distinct values 0
(0.0%)
49 margin_percentage
[numeric]		 Mean (sd) : 15.4 (12.4)
min < med < max:
0 < 11.7 < 86.9
IQR (CV) : 17.8 (0.8)		 3624 distinct values 0
(0.0%)
50 enop
[numeric]		 Mean (sd) : 3 (0.8)
min < med < max:
1.2 < 2.9 < 10
IQR (CV) : 1.1 (0.3)		 54 distinct values 0
(0.0%)
51 pid
[character]		 1. AERJ17798
2. GEKA15636
3. GERJ38827
4. GEKA14523
5. AEKA107680
6. AERJ17833
7. GEMH70725
8. GEKA11558
9. GEMH27078
10. GEDL35837
[ 6136 others ]		 285 ( 0.3%)
277 ( 0.3%)
258 ( 0.3%)
254 ( 0.3%)
239 ( 0.2%)
227 ( 0.2%)
221 ( 0.2%)
220 ( 0.2%)
215 ( 0.2%)
214 ( 0.2%)
98967 (97.6%)		 0
(0.0%)
52 party_type_tcpd
[logical]		 All NA’s 101377
(100.0%)
53 party_id
[integer]		 Mean (sd) : 6307.4 (5480)
min < med < max:
13 < 3482 < 24559
IQR (CV) : 9204 (0.9)		 195 distinct values 0
(0.0%)
54 last_poll
[logical]		 1. FALSE
2. TRUE		 4865 ( 4.8%)
96512 (95.2%)		 0
(0.0%)
55 contested
[integer]		 Mean (sd) : 2.4 (2.1)
min < med < max:
1 < 1 < 16
IQR (CV) : 2 (0.9)		 16 distinct values 0
(0.0%)
56 last_party
[character]		 1. (Empty string)
2. INC
3. BJP
4. SP
5. BSP
6. IND
7. CPM
8. JD
9. SHS
10. NCP
[ 150 others ]		 51157 (50.5%)
14900 (14.7%)
13995 (13.8%)
3029 ( 3.0%)
2213 ( 2.2%)
1907 ( 1.9%)
1491 ( 1.5%)
1227 ( 1.2%)
996 ( 1.0%)
672 ( 0.7%)
9790 ( 9.7%)		 0
(0.0%)
57 last_party_id
[integer]		 Mean (sd) : 5715.7 (4902)
min < med < max:
13 < 3482 < 18691
IQR (CV) : 5970 (0.9)		 143 distinct values 51157
(50.5%)
58 last_constituency_name
[character]		 1. (Empty string)
2. KANAKAPURA
3. SIKAR
4. GULBARGA
5. BANGALORE NORTH
6. BANGALORE SOUTH
7. GWALIOR
8. MEERUT
9. NAGPUR
10. MAHENDRAGARH
[ 679 others ]		 51157 (50.5%)
825 ( 0.8%)
668 ( 0.7%)
532 ( 0.5%)
471 ( 0.5%)
428 ( 0.4%)
371 ( 0.4%)
345 ( 0.3%)
343 ( 0.3%)
339 ( 0.3%)
45898 (45.3%)		 0
(0.0%)
59 same_constituency
[logical]		 1. FALSE
2. TRUE		 12623 (25.1%)
37597 (74.9%)		 51157
(50.5%)
60 same_party
[logical]		 1. FALSE
2. TRUE		 11567 (23.0%)
38653 (77.0%)		 51157
(50.5%)
61 no_terms
[integer]		 Mean (sd) : 1.2 (1.6)
min < med < max:
0 < 1 < 10
IQR (CV) : 2 (1.4)		 11 distinct values 0
(0.0%)
62 turncoat
[logical]		 1. FALSE
2. TRUE		 91925 (90.7%)
9452 ( 9.3%)		 0
(0.0%)
63 incumbent
[logical]		 1. FALSE
2. TRUE		 76099 (75.1%)
25278 (24.9%)		 0
(0.0%)
64 recontest
[logical]		 1. FALSE
2. TRUE		 62314 (61.5%)
39063 (38.5%)		 0
(0.0%)
65 age
[logical]		 All NA’s 101377
(100.0%)
66 district_name
[logical]		 All NA’s 101377
(100.0%)

Empty data.table (0 rows and 22 cols): country,state,district,univ_type,univ_name,inst_name…

distribution of colleges at pc level

colleges at pc level

average number of colleges established in a parliamentary constituency during particular election cycle

managment

management prop
Private Un-Aided 0.77
State Government 0.10
Private Aided 0.07
Local Body 0.05
Central Government 0.00

Colleges by state and year

rdd

Summary

  • our independent variablen_college is defined as the number of colleges built per a million population in a year within a parliamentary constituency

  • We have only included 2004, 2014 & 2019 electoral cycles given they more large in numbers . within these 3 elections there were 408 contest in which a family politician contested against a non-family politician and vice versa.

-Margin percentage (cut off) break up look like this:

cut off 2.5 5 10
total 78 165 297
family winners 40 86 167
non-family winners 38 79 130

rdd graph for 5pc

rdd model

Dependent variable:
n_college
2,5 5 10
(1) (2) (3)
family 0.468 0.439 0.090
(0.477) (0.353) (0.279)
Observations 78 165 297
R2 0.012 0.009 0.0004
Adjusted R2 -0.001 0.003 -0.003
Residual Std. Error 2.107 (df = 76) 2.265 (df = 163) 2.389 (df = 295)
F Statistic 0.961 (df = 1; 76) 1.544 (df = 1; 163) 0.105 (df = 1; 295)
Note: p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01

Further improvments

  • Add more years

  • do seperate ones for private/government college

  • remove/keep standalone colleges